ASTM E140-12be1

Standard Hardness Conversion Tables for

Metals Relationship Among Brinell Hardness, Vickers

Hardness, Rockwell Hardness, Superficial Hardness, Knoop

Hardness, Scleroscope Hardness, and Leeb Hardness

This standard is issued under the fixed designation E140; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript epsilon (ε) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.

ε1 NOTE—Eq A10.1 and Eq A10.2 were editorially corrected in August 2013.

标准状态：已作废，被ASTM E140-12替代

1. Scope

1.1 Conversion Table 1 presents data in the Rockwell C

hardness range on the relationship among Brinell hardness,

Vickers hardness, Rockwell hardness, Rockwell superficial

hardness, Knoop hardness, and Scleroscope hardness of nonaustenitic

steels including carbon, alloy, and tool steels in the

as-forged, annealed, normalized, and quenched and tempered

conditions provided that they are homogeneous.

1.2 Conversion Table 2 presents data in the Rockwell B

hardness range on the relationship among Brinell hardness,

Vickers hardness, Rockwell hardness, Rockwell superficial

hardness, Knoop hardness, and Scleroscope hardness of nonaustenitic

steels including carbon, alloy, and tool steels in the

as-forged, annealed, normalized, and quenched and tempered

conditions provided that they are homogeneous.

1.3 Conversion Table 3 presents data on the relationship

among Brinell hardness, Vickers hardness, Rockwell hardness,

Rockwell superficial hardness, and Knoop hardness of nickel

and high-nickel alloys (nickel content over 50 %). These

hardness conversion relationships are intended to apply particularly

to the following: nickel-aluminum-silicon specimens

finished to commercial mill standards for hardness testing,

covering the entire range of these alloys from their annealed to

their heavily cold-worked or age-hardened conditions, including

their intermediate conditions.

1.4 Conversion Table 4 presents data on the relationship

among Brinell hardness, Vickers hardness, Rockwell hardness,

and Rockwell superficial hardness of cartridge brass.

1.5 Conversion Table 5 presents data on the relationship

between Brinell hardness and Rockwell B hardness of austenitic

stainless steel plate in the annealed condition.

1.6 Conversion Table 6 presents data on the relationship

between Rockwell hardness and Rockwell superficial hardness

of austenitic stainless steel sheet.

1.7 Conversion Table 7 presents data on the relationship

among Brinell hardness, Vickers hardness, Rockwell hardness,

Rockwell superficial hardness, and Knoop hardness of copper.

1.8 Conversion Table 8 presents data on the relationship

among Brinell hardness, Rockwell hardness, and Vickers

hardness of alloyed white iron.

1.9 Conversion Table 9 presents data on the relationship

among Brinell hardness, Vickers hardness, Rockwell hardness,

and Rockwell superficial hardness of wrought aluminum products.

1.10 Conversion Table 10 presents data in the Rockwell C

hardness range on the relationship among Leeb (Type D)

hardness, Brinell hardness, Vickers hardness, and Rockwell

hardness of non-austenitic steels including carbon, alloy, and

tool steels in the as-forged, annealed, normalized, and

quenched and tempered conditions provided that they are

homogeneous.

1.11 Many of the conversion values presented herein were

obtained from computer-generated curves of actual test data.

Most Rockwell hardness numbers are presented to the nearest

0.1 or 0.5 hardness number to permit accurate reproduction of

these curves.

1.12 Annex A1-Annex A10 contain equations to convert

from one hardness scale to another. The equations given in

Annex A1-Annex A9 were developed from the data in Tables

1 to 9, respectively. The equations given in Annex A10 were

developed at the time the Leeb hardness test was invented (see

Appendix X2). The data in Table 10 was calculated from the

Annex A10 equations.

1.13 Conversion of hardness values should be used only

when it is impossible to test the material under the conditions

specified, and when conversion is made it should be done with

discretion and under controlled conditions. Each type of

hardness test is subject to certain errors, but if precautions are

carefully observed, the reliability of hardness readings made on

instruments of the indentation type will be found comparable.

Differences in sensitivity within the range of a given hardness

scale (for example, Rockwell B) may be greater than between

two different scales or types of instruments. The conversion

values, whether from the tables or calculated from the

equations, are only approximate and may be inaccurate for

specific application.

2. Referenced Documents

2.1 ASTM Standards:

       A956 Test Method for Leeb Hardness Testing of Steel

Products

       E10 Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic Materials

       E18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic Materials

       E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to

Determine Conformance with Specifications

       E92 Test Method for Vickers Hardness of Metallic Materials

(Withdrawn 2010)

       E384 Test Method for Knoop and Vickers Hardness of

Materials

       E448 Practice for Scleroscope Hardness Testing of Metallic

Materials